Catalytic hydrogenation of N-4-nitrophenyl nicotinamide in a micro-packed bed reactor
Category
Published on CMKC
Abstract
Recent advancements in micro-flow technologies and a drive toward more efficient, greener and safer processes have led to a renaissance in flow-chemistry for pharmaceutical production. In this work, we demonstrate the use of a stabilized Pd nanoparticle-organic-silica catalyst to selectively catalyze the hydrogenation of N-4-nitrophenyl nicotinamide, a functionalized active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) surrogate. Extensive catalyst and reactor characterization is provided to establish an in-depth understanding of the unique multiphase dynamics within the micro-packed bed reactor, including the identification of a large liquid holdup (74-84%), rapid multiphase mass transfer (k(m)a > 1 s(-1)), and liquid residence time distributions. A kinetic analysis has revealed that the surface catalyzed hydrogenation progresses through a condensation mechanism whereby an azo dimer intermediate is formed and rapidly consumed. Finally, a parametric study was performed at various pressures, temperatures, residence times and flow regimes to achieve quantitative chemoselective conversion of the nitroarene to the corresponding primary amine.
Journal
DOI
Type of publication
Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) (MIT)
- University of Cambridge
- Novartis Pharma AG
Article Classification
Classification Areas
- API