Real-Time Monitoring of Powder Mass Flowrates for Plant-Wide Control of a Continuous Direct Compaction Tablet Manufacturing Process

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Huang, Yan-Shu, Medina-González, Sergio Straiton, Benjamin Keller, Joshua, Marashdeh, Qussai, Gonzalez, Marcial, Nagy, Zoltan, Reklaitis, Gintaras V.

While measurement and monitoring of powder/particulate mass flow rate are not essential to the execution of traditional batch pharmaceutical tablet manufacturing, in continuous operation, it is an important additional critical process parameter. It has a key role both in establishing that the...

Real-Time Monitoring of Powder Mixing in a Convective Blender Using Non-Invasive Reflectance NIR Spectrometry

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Bellamy, L. J., Littlejohn, D., Nordon, A.

A convective blender based on a scaled down version of a high shear mixer-granulator was used to produce binary mixtures of microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and aspirin, citric acid, aspartame or povidone. Spectra of stationary Avicel or aspirin powder provided an indication of the information...

Real-time monitoring of the moisture content of filter cakes in vacuum filters by a novel soft sensor

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Huttunen, Manu, Nygren, Lauri Kinnarinen, Teemu Ekberg, Bjarne, Lindh, Tuomo, Karvonen, Vesa, Ahola, Jero, Häkkinen, Antti

The moisture content of filter cakes is probably the most important characteristic that should be kept at a desired level in industrial cake filtration applications to maintain consistent product quality and minimize energy consumption. Most of the currently applied methods for contactless...

Real-time process monitoring in a semi-continuous fluid-bed dryer - microwave resonance technology versus near-infrared spectroscopy

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Peters, Johanna, Teske, Andreas, Taute, Wolfgang, Döscher, Claas, Höft, Michael, Knöchel, Reinhard, Breitkreutz, Jörg

The trend towards continuous manufacturing in the pharmaceutical industry is associated with an increasing demand for advanced control strategies. It is a mandatory requirement to obtain reliable real-time information on critical quality attributes (CQA) during every process step as the decision...

Real-Time Quantification of Low-Dose Cohesive Formulations within a Sampling Interface for Flowing Powders

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Sierra-Vega, Nobel. O., Romañach, Rodolfo J., Mendez, Rafael

This study investigates the performance of a sampling interface for monitoring cohesive, flowing powder formulations with Hausner's Ratio and Carr's Index higher than 1.5 and 35%, respectively. The sampler device was operated in combination with near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to quantify...

Recent Advances in Co-processed APIs and Proposals for Enabling Commercialization of These Transformative Technologies

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Schenck, L, Erdemir, DGorka, LS, Merritt, JM, Marziano, I, Ho, R, Lee, M, Bullard, J, Boukerche, M, Ferguson, S, Florence, AJ, Khan, SA, Sun, CC

Optimized physical properties (e.g., bulk, surface/interfacial, and mechanical properties) of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) are key to the successful integration of drug substance and drug product manufacturing, robust drug product manufacturing operations, and ultimately to attaining...

Recent advances in integrated process analytical techniques, modeling, and control strategies to enable continuous biomanufacturing of monoclonal antibodies

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Chopda, Viki, Gyorgypal, Aron Yang, Ou Singh, Ravendra Ramachandran, Rohit Zhang, Haoran Tsilomelekis, George Chundawat, Shishir PS, Ierapetritou, Marianthi G

Continuous bioprocessing is significantly changing the biological drugs (or biologics) manufacturing landscape by potentially improving product quality, process stability, and overall profitability, as was similarly seen during the adoption of advanced manufacturing processes for small molecule...

Recent Developments in the Crystallization Process: Toward the Pharmaceutical Industry

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Gao, Zhenguo, Gong, Junbo, Rohani, Sohrab, Wang, Jingkang

Crystallization is one of the oldest separation and purification unit operations, and has recently contributed to significant improvements in producing higher-value products with specific properties and in building efficient manufacturing processes. In this paper, we review recent developments in...

Recent progress in continuous and semi-continuous processing of solid oral dosage forms: a review

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Tezyk, Michal, Ernst, Andrzej, Milanowski, Bartlomiej, Lulek, Janina

Continuous processing is an innovative production concept well known and successfully used in other industries for many years. The modern pharmaceutical industry is facing the challenge of transition from a traditional manufacturing approach based on batch-wise production to a continuous...

Recent Progress in Continuous Crystallization of Pharmaceutical Products: Precise Preparation and Control

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Ma, Yiming, Joao Macaringue, Estevao, Zhang, Teng, Gong, Junbo, Wu, Songgu, Wang, Jingkang

Crystallization, as a solid−liquid separation process, is employed to purify and isolate a great diversity of crystalline pharmaceutical products. In recent years, continuous crystallization has attracted increasing attention because of the product and process robustness as well as higher...

Recent progress in continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Vanhoorne, Valérie, Vervaet, Chris

Continuous drug product manufacturing is slowly being implemented in the pharmaceutical industry. Although the benefits related to the quality and cost of continuous manufacturing are widely recognized, several challenges hampered the widespread introduction of continuous manufacturing of drug...

Redesign of a Grignard-Based Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) Batch Synthesis to a Flow Process for the Preparation of Melitracen HCl

10 May 2024 | Contributor(s): Pedersen, Michael J., Skovby, Tommy, Mealy, Michael J., Dam-Johansen, Kim, Kiil, Søren

A Grignard-based batch process, for the preparation of Melitracen HCl, has been redesigned to fit a continuous reactor system. The Grignard addition is carried out at room temperature, with subsequent hydrolysis of the magnesium alkoxide intermediate followed by dehydration of the resulting...

Reducing the mean size of API crystals by continuous manufacturing with product classification and recycle

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Griffin, DW, Mellichamp, DA, Doherty, MF

A continuous crystallization process is proposed that can produce active pharmaceutical ingredients with a small mean size and narrow distribution. The process flowsheet consists of a new product classifier configuration where the large crystals from the classifier are recycled to a dissolver...

Regions of attainable particle sizes in continuous and batch crystallization processes

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Vetter, Thomas, Burcham, Christopher L., Doherty, Michael F.

Process alternatives for continuous crystallization, i.e., cascades of mixed suspension, mixed product removal crystallizers (MSMPRCs) and plug flow crystallizers (PFCs), as well as batch crystallizers are discussed and modeled using population balance equations. The attainable region approach...

Regulatory and Quality Considerations for Continuous Manufacturing

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Allison, Gretchen, Cain, Yanxi Tan, Cooney, Charles, Garcia, Tom, Bizjak, Tara Gooen, Holte, Oyvind, Jagota, Nirdosh, Komas, Bekki, Korakianiti, Evdokia, Kourti, Dora, Madurawe, Rapti, Morefield, Elaine, Montgomery, Frank, Randolph, William, Robert, Jean-Louis, Rudd, Dave, Nasr, Moheb, Zezza, Diane

This paper assesses the current regulatory environment, relevant regulations and guidelines, and their impact on continuous manufacturing. It summarizes current regulatory experience and learning from both review and inspection perspectives. It outlines key regulatory aspects, including...

Residence Time Distribution (RTD)-Based Control System for Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Process

09 Jun 2023 | Contributor(s): Bhaskar, Aparajith, Singh, Ravendra

Residence Time Distribution - Test Example

29 Nov 2023 | Teaching Materials | Contributor(s): RCPE

Residence Time Distribution as a Traceability Method for Lot Changes in A Pharmaceutical Continuous Manufacturing System

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Sánchez-Paternina, Adriluz, Martínez-Cartagena, Pedro Li, Jingzhe Scicolone, James Singh, Ravendra Lugo, Yleana C Romañach, Rodolfo J Muzzio, Fernando J, Román-Ospino, Andrés D

Residence time distribution (RTD) models were developed to track raw material lots and investigate batch transitions in a continuous manufacturing system. Two raw materials with similar physical properties (granular metformin and lactose) were identified via Principal Component Analysis (PCA)...

Residence time distribution modelling and in line monitoring of drug concentration in a tablet press feed frame containing dead zones

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Tanimura, Shinji, Singh, Ravendra Román-Ospino, Andrés D, Ierapetritou, Marianthi

The presence of a ‘significant dead zone’ in any continuous manufacturing equipment may affect the product quality and need to be investigated systematically. Dead zone will affect the residence time distribution (RTD) of continuous manufacturing and thus the mixing and product quality. Tablet...

Residence time distribution of a continuously-operated capsule filling machine: Development of a measurement technique and comparison of three volume-reducing inserts

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Kruisz, Julia, Faulhammer, Eva, Rehrl, Jakob, Scheibelhofer, Otto, Witschnigg, Andreas, Khinast, Johannes G.

This paper presents the measurement and analysis of the residence time distribution (RTD) of a tamping-pin capsule filling machine. The tamping speed and the amount of material inside the powder bowl proved to have a significant effect on the RTD. Various inserts into the powder bowl that reduce...

Review: Continuous Manufacturing of Small Molecule Solid Oral Dosage Forms

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Wahlich, John

Continuous manufacturing (CM) is defined as a process in which the input material(s) are continuously fed into and transformed, and the processed output materials are continuously removed from the system. CM can be considered as matching the FDA’s so-called ‘Desired State’ of pharmaceutical...

Rheological characterization of microcrystalline cellulose and silicified microcrystalline cellulose wet masses using a mixer torque rheometer

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Luukkonen, P, Schaefer, T, Hellen, L, Juppo, AM, Yliruusi, J

The rheological properties of silicified microcrystalline cellulose (Prosolv 50) were compared with those of standard grades of microcrystalline cellulose (Emcocel 50 and Avicel PH 101). Cellulose samples were analyzed using nitrogen adsorption together with particle size, flowability, density...

Risk Considerations on Developing a Continuous Crystallization System for Carbamazepine

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Yang, Xiaochuan, Acevedo, David, Mohammad, Adil, Pavurala, Naresh, Wu, Huiquan, Brayton, Alex L., Shaw, Ryan A., Goldman, Mark J., He, Fan, Li, Shuaili, Fisher, Robert J., O'Connor, Thomas F., Cruz, Celia N.

Continuous manufacturing (CM) is an emerging technology in the pharmaceutical manufacturing sector, and the understanding of the impact on product quality is currently evolving. As the final purification and isolation step, crystallization has a significant impact on the final physicochemical...

Robust nonlinear model predictive control of batch processes

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Nagy, Zoltan K., Braatz, Richard D.

NMPC explicitly addresses constraints and nonlinearities during the feedback control of batch processes. This NMPC algorithm also explicitly takes parameter uncertainty into account in the state estimation and state feedback controller designs. An extended Kalman filter estimates the process...

Robust State Estimation of Feeding-Blending Systems in Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Liu, Jianfeng, Su, Qinglin, Moreno, Mariana, Laird, Carl, Nagy, Zoltan, Reklaitis, Gintaras

State estimation is a fundamental part of monitoring, control, and real-time optimization in continuous pharmaceutical manufacturing. For nonlinear dynamic systems with hard constraints, moving horizon estimation (MHE) can estimate the current state by solving a well-defined optimization problem...