Matrix-assisted cocrystallization (MAC) simultaneous production and formulation of pharmaceutical cocrystals by hot-melt extrusion

23 Jul 2024 | Contributor(s): Boksa, Kevin, Otte, Andrew, Pinal, Rodolfo

A novel method for the simultaneous production and formulation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, matrix-assisted cocrystallization (MAC), is presented. Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is used to create cocrystals by coprocessing the drug and coformer in the presence of a matrix material. Carbamazepine...

Delta-mannitol to enable continuous twin-screw granulation of a highly dosed, poorly compactable formulation

23 Jul 2024 | Contributor(s): Vanhoorne, V., Almey, R., De Beer, T., Vervaet, C.

In current study, it was investigated if the moisture-mediated polymorphic transition from δ- to β-mannitol during twin screw granulation (TSG) also took place in high drug loaded formulations and if the specific granule morphology associated with the polymorphic transition could enable tableting...

Control oriented modeling of twin-screw granulation in the ConsiGmaTM-25 production plant

09 Jul 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Johannes Khinast, Martin Horn, Jakob Rehrl, Selma Celikovic, Johannes Poms

ConsiGmaTM-25 is a continuous production plant integrating a twin-screw granulation, fluid bed drying, granule conditioning, and a tableting unit. The particle size distribution (PSD), active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) content, and liquid content of wet granules after twin-screw...

Axial Chirality in the Sotorasib Drug Substance, Part 2: Leveraging a High-Temperature Thermal Racemization to Recycle the Classical Resolution Waste Stream

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Beaver, Matthew G., Brown, Derek B., Campbell, Kiersten, Fang, Yuan-Qing, Ford, David D., Mardirossian, Narbe, Nagy, Kevin D., Rötheli, Andreas R., Sheeran, Jillian W., Telmesani, Reem, Parsons, Andrew T.

The development and kilogram-scale demonstration of a high-temperature continuous-flow racemization process to recycle the off-enantiomer of an atropisomeric sotorasib intermediate is described. Part 1 of this two-part series details the design and execution of a classical resolution to generate...

Development and Scale-Up of a Continuous Manufacturing Process for a Hydrazine Condensation Reaction

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Zhu, Ruiheng, Reddy, Ramesh, Ding, Man, Xu, Ming, Deng, Chaoyi, Tadayon, Sam, Li, Hui, Depew, Kristopher, Lane, Benjamin

The development of a continuous manufacturing process for a hydrazine condensation reaction at high temperature is reported. This continuous process represents a safer approach to manufacture 3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-amine at scale and exhibits better impurity control compared to a traditional batch...

A Virtual Plant for Integrated Continuous Manufacturing of a Carfilzomib Drug Substance Intermediate, Part 3: Manganese-Catalyzed Asymmetric Epoxidation, Crystallization, and Filtration

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Maloney, Andrew J., Içten, Elçin, Capellades, Gerard, Beaver, Matthew G., Zhu, Xiaoxiang, Graham, Lauren R., Brown, Derek B., Griffin, Daniel J., Sangodkar, Rahul, Allian, Ayman, Huggins, Seth, Hart, Roger, Rolandi, Pablo, Walker, Shawn D., Braatz, Richard D.

This article describes the process characterization and development of models to inform a process control strategy to prepare (R,R)-epoxy ketone 2, an intermediate in the manufacture of carfilzomib. Model calibration for relevant unit operations and the development of a dynamic integrated...

Development and Scale-Up of a Continuous, High-Pressure, Asymmetric Hydrogenation Reaction, Workup, and Isolation

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Johnson, Martin D., May, Scott A., Calvin, Joel R., Remacle, Jacob, Stout, James R., Diseroad, William D., Zaborenko, Nikolay, Haeberle, Brian D., Sun, Wei-Ming, Miller, Michael T., Brennan, John

A fully continuous process including an asymmetric hydrogenation reaction operating at 70 bar hydrogen, aqueous extraction, and crystallization was designed, developed, and demonstrated at pilot scale. This paper highlights safety, quality, and throughput advantages of the continuous reaction and...

Polymorphs, Particle Size, and a Pandemic: Development of a Scalable Crystallization Process for Molnupiravir, an Antiviral for the Treatment of COVID-19

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Bade, Rachel, Bothe, Jameson R., Sirota, Eric, Brunskill, Andrew P. J., Newman, Justin A., Zhang, Yongqian, Tan, Melissa, Zheng, Michelle, Brito, Gilmar, Poirier, Marc, Fier, Patrick S., Xu, Yingju, Ward, Michael D., Stone, Kevin, Lee, Ivan H., Gmitter, Andrew J., Bernardoni, Frank, Zompa, Michael A., Luo, Hanlin, Patel, Sanjaykumar, Masiuk, Tina, Mora, Jeff, Ni, Tong, Okoh, Grace A., Tarabokija, James, Liu, Jiaying, Lowinger, Michael B., Mahmood, Tariq

Molnupiravir is a small-molecule active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) prodrug of a nucleoside analog that was demonstrated to be efficacious for the treatment of patients with COVID-19. Early in the pandemic, Merck & Co. Inc. partnered with Ridgeback Biotherapeutics to accelerate the...

Development of a Continuous Schotten–Baumann Route to an Acyl Sulfonamide

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): White, Timothy D., Berglund, K. Derek, Groh, Jennifer McClary, Johnson, Martin D., Yates, Matthew H.

The development and scale-up of a synthetic route to tasisulam sodium (5-bromo-thiophene-2-sulfonic acid 2,4-dichlorobenzoylamide sodium salt, hereafter referred to as tasisulam) utilizing continuous Schotten–Baumann reaction conditions is disclosed. A new synthetic route for the cytotoxic API...

Development of a Multi-Step Synthesis and Workup Sequence for an Integrated, Continuous Manufacturing Process of a Pharmaceutical

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Heider, Patrick L., Born, Stephen C., Basak, Soubir, Benyahia, Brahim, Lakerveld, Richard, Zhang, Haitao, Hogan, Rachael, - Buchbinder, Louis, Wolfe, Aaron, Mascia, Salvatore, Evans, James M. B., Jamison, Timothy F., Jensen, Klavs F.

The development and operation of the synthesis and workup steps of a fully integrated, continuous manufacturing plant for synthesizing aliskiren, a small molecule pharmaceutical, are presented. The plant started with advanced intermediates, two synthetic steps away from the final active...

Visualization and understanding of the granulation liquid mixing and distribution during continuous twin screw granulation using NIR chemical imaging

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Vercruysse, Jurgen, Toiviainen, Maunu, Fonteyne, Margot, Helkimo, Niko, Ketolainen, Jarkko, Juuti, Mikko, Delaet, Urbain, Van Assche, Ivo, Remon, Jean Paul, Vervaet, Chris, De Beer, Thomas

Over the last decade, there has been increased interest in the application of twin screw granulation as a continuous wet granulation technique for pharmaceutical drug formulations. However, the mixing of granulation liquid and powder material during the short residence time inside the screw...

Use of the channel fill level in defining a design space for twin screw wet granulation

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Gorringe, L. J., Kee, G. S., Saleh, M. F., Fa, N. H., Elkes, R. G.

Twin screw wet granulation is a key process in the continuous manufacture of oral solid dosage forms. Previous Research Article has qualitatively suggested that the channel fill level influences the granules produced. In this paper a quantitative measure of the total volumetric fraction of the...

TPLS as predictive platform for twin-screw wet granulation process and formulation development

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Ryckaert, A., Van Hauwermeiren, D., Dhondt, J., De Man, A., Funke, A., Djuric, D., Vervaet, C., Nopens, I., De Beer, T.

In recent years, the interest in continuous manufacturing techniques, such as twin-screw wet granulation, has increased. However, the understanding of the influence of the combination of raw material properties and process settings upon the granule quality attributes is still limited. In this...

Transfer from High-Shear Batch to Continuous Twin Screw Wet Granulation: A Case Study in Understanding the Relationship Between Process Parameters and Product Quality Attributes

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Beer, Paul, Wilson, David, Huang, Zhenyu, De Matas, Marcel

A twin screw to high-shear batch granulation technology switch was evaluated for a pharmaceutical development project. Differences in granule (particle size distribution and porosity) and tablet (dissolution) quality attributes were analysed for both continuous and batch technologies. Liquid to...

Twin screw granulation - review of current progress

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Thompson, M. R.

Twin screw granulation (TSG) is a new process of interest to the pharmaceutical community that can continuously wet granulate powders, doing so at lower liquid concentrations and with better product consistency than found by a high shear batch mixer. A considerable body of Research Article has...

The Influence of Equipment Design and Process Parameters on Granule Breakage in a Semi-Continuous Fluid Bed Dryer after Continuous Twin-Screw Wet Granulation

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Ryckaert, Alexander, Ghijs, Michael, Portier, Christoph, Djuric, Dejan, Funke, Adrian, Vervaet, Chris, De Beer, Thomas

The drying unit of a continuous from-powder-to-tablet manufacturing line based on twin-screw granulation (TSG) is a crucial intermediate process step to achieve the desired tablet quality. Understanding the size reduction of pharmaceutical granules before, during, and after the fluid bed drying...

The effect of screw configuration and formulation variables on liquid requirements and granule quality in a continuous twin screw wet granulation process

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Vandevivere, L., Van Wijmeersch, E., Hausler, O., De Beer, T., Vervaet, C., Vanhoorne, V.

The effect of two screw configurations with varying stagger angle was evaluated on the liquid amount required to produce good quality granules for a highly (mannitol-based) and a poorly (DCP-based) soluble formulation containing different binders. It is generally known that the use of a higher...

The impact of channel fill level on internal forces during continuous twin screw wet granulation

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Torrecillas, Carlota Mendez, Gorringe, Lee J., Rajoub, Nazer, Robertson, John, Elkes, Richard G., Lamprou, Dimitrios A., Halbert, Gavin W

The forces experienced by the particles inside a twin screw granulator (TSG) are one of the most difficult parameters to measure quantitatively. However, it is possible to perform accurately this measurement through the use of dye containing calibrated microencapsulated sensors (LAMES) whose...

Switching from batch to continuous granulation: A case study of metoprolol succinate ER tablets

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Kotamarthy, Lalith, Feng, Xin, Alayoubi, Alaadin, Bolla, Pradeep Kumar, Ramachandran, Rohit, Ashraf, Muhammad, O'Connor, Thomas, Zidan, Ahmed

Continuous manufacturing (CM) has been used to produce several immediate release drug products. No extended-release (ER) product manufactured employing CM technology has been approved yet. This study investigated the critical aspects of switching from the batch mode of high shear granulation to...

Selective preparation of elusive and alternative single component polymorphic solid forms through multi-component crystallisation routes

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Thomas, LH, Wales, C, Wilson, CC

A transferable, simple, method for producing previously elusive and novel polymorphic forms of important active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs; paracetamol (acetaminophen), piroxicam and piracetam) is demonstrated. Nitrogen heterocyclic co-molecules are employed to influence the self-assembly...

Simulation-Based Design of an Efficient Control System for the Continuous Purification and Processing of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Sen, M, Singh, R, Ramachandran, R

In this study, an efficient system-wide controlsystem has been designed for the integrated continuous purification and processing of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The control strategy is based on the regulatory PID controller which is most widely used in the manufacturing industry...

Simplified formulations with high drug loads for continuous twin-screw granulation

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Meier, R., Thommes, M., Rasenack, N., Krumme, M., Moll, K. -P., Kleinebudde, P.

As different batches of the same excipients will be intermixed during continuous processes, the traceability of batches is complicated. Simplified formulations may help to reduce problems related to batch intermixing and traceability. Twin-screw granulation with subsequent tableting was used to...

Selective crystallization of the metastable α-form of L-glutamic acid using concentration feedback control

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Kee, Nicholas C.S., Tan, Reginald B.H. Braatz, Richard D., Braatz, Richard D.

A systematic methodology is presented for the selective crystallization of the metastable form of a monotropic dimorph, L-glutamic acid, for batch cooling crystallization. Attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics was used to...

Recent Developments in the Crystallization Process: Toward the Pharmaceutical Industry

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Gao, Zhenguo, Gong, Junbo, Rohani, Sohrab, Wang, Jingkang

Crystallization is one of the oldest separation and purification unit operations, and has recently contributed to significant improvements in producing higher-value products with specific properties and in building efficient manufacturing processes. In this paper, we review recent developments in...

Recent progress in continuous manufacturing of oral solid dosage forms

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Vanhoorne, Valérie, Vervaet, Chris

Continuous drug product manufacturing is slowly being implemented in the pharmaceutical industry. Although the benefits related to the quality and cost of continuous manufacturing are widely recognized, several challenges hampered the widespread introduction of continuous manufacturing of drug...