Critical review on the role of excipient properties in pharmaceutical powder-to-tablet continuous manufacturing

13 Aug 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Sara Fathollahi, Pauline H. M. Janssen, Bastiaan H. J. Dickhoff, Henderik W. Frijlink

The pharmaceutical industry is gradually changing batch-wise manufacturing processes to continuous manufacturing processes, due to the advantages it has to offer. The final product quality and process efficiency of continuous manufacturing processes is among others impacted by the properties of...

Process intensification of pharmaceutical powder blending at commercial throughputs by utilizing semi-continuous mini-blending

13 Aug 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Maarten Jaspers, Florian Tegel, Timo P. Roelofs, Fabian Starsich, Yunfei Li Song, Bernhard Meir, Richard Elkes, Bastiaan H.J. Dickhoff

Process intensification involves the miniaturization of equipment while retaining process throughput and performance. The pharmaceutical industry can benefit from this approach especially during drug product development, where the availability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) is often...

The Use of a Closed Feed Frame for the Development of Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Calibration Model to Determine Drug Concentration

23 Jul 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Movilla-Meza, Nathaly A., Sierra-Vega, Nobel O., Alvarado-Hernández, Bárbara B., Méndez, Rafael, Romañach, Rodolfo J.

Purpose: This study evaluates the use of the closed feed frame as a material sparing approach to develop near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopic calibration models for monitoring blend uniformity. The effect of shear induced by recirculation on NIR spectra was also studied. Methods: Calibration models...

Cleaning of direct compression continuous manufacturing equipment through displacement of API residues by excipients

23 Jul 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Patel, Dhavalkumar S, Méndez, Rafael, Romañach, Rodolfo J

This feasibility study evaluates a cleaning process designed to avoid the use of detergents and reduce operator exposure to the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The continuous manufacturing equipment was cleaned using excipients to displace ibuprofen residues from the system. The cleaning...

Development of a Continuous Flow Grignard Reaction to Manufacture a Key Intermediate of Ipatasertib

25 Jun 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Kaldre, Dainis, Stocker, Severin, Linder, David, Reymond, Helena, Schuster, Andreas, Lamerz, Jens, Hildbrand, Stefan, Püntener, Kurt, Berry, Malcolm, Sedelmeier, Jörg

This article outlines the development of a continuous flow process for the manufacture of a key intermediate of the active pharmaceutical ingredient ipatasertib for the treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer and triple-negative metastatic breast cancer. The reaction sequence...

Continuous Flow Intensification for the Synthesis of High-Purity Warfarin

10 May 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Silva-Brenes, Diana V., Reyes-Vargas, Stephanie K., Duconge, Jorge, Vlaar, Cornelis, Stelzer, Torsten, Monbaliu, Jean-Christophe M.

While racemic warfarin was initially commercialized as a rodenticide, it has become the most prescribed anticoagulant drug for prevention of blood clots and is part of the World Health Organization’s list of essential medicines. The synthesis of warfarin appears straightforward, consisting of a...

Rapid production of the anaesthetic mepivacaine through continuous, portable technology

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Díaz-Kruik, Pablo, Paradisi, Francesca

Local anaesthetics such as mepivacaine are key molecules in the medical sector, so ensuring their supply chain is crucial for every health care system. Rapid production of mepivacaine from readily available commercial reagents and (non-dry) solvents under safe conditions using portable,...

Multi-step Flow Synthesis of the Anthelmintic Drug Praziquantel

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Phull, Manjinder Singh, Bohara, Chander Singh, Gundla, Rambabu, Mainkar, Prathama S., Jadav, Surender Singh

Praziquantel (PZQ; Brand name: Biltricide) is categorized as an anthelminthic drug, and it is used for the treatment of Schistosomiasis and other parasitic infections. The World Health Organization (WHO) has classified it as one of the essential and emergency medicines needed across the globe....

Continuous Flow-Facilitated CB2 Agonist Synthesis, Part 2: Cyclization, Chlorination, and Amination

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Prieschl, Michael, Sagmeister, Peter, Moessner, Christian, Sedelmeier, Joerg, Williams, Jason D., Kappe, C. Oliver

A new route to the cannabinoid receptor type 2 agonist, RG7774, has been developed circumventing an alkylation with poor regioselectivity as the final step. In the new synthetic route, this side chain is incorporated from the beginning. In this article, the development of the final four...

A Continuous Process for Manufacturing Apremilast. Part I: Process Development and Intensification by Utilizing Flow Chemistry Principles

24 Apr 2024 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Hsieh, Hsiao-Wu, Griffin, Daniel J., Ananthoji, Padmini, Avci, Nadide Hazal, Brown, Derek B., Ericson, Ari, Fostinis, James D., Irfan, Muhammad, Langille, Neil, Lovette, Michael A., Murray, James I., Spada, Simone, Thiel, Oliver R., Aiello, Frankie, Daou, Joseph, Goudas-Salomon, Nicole, Pan, Ende, Sarkar, Nandini, Wimalasinghe, Rasangi, Wu, Zufan Steven, Zeng, Alicia, Beaver, Matthew G., Cohen, Carolyn M.

Herein, we report the development of an integrated continuous manufacturing (CM) process for the penultimate step in the synthesis of apremilast, the drug substance (DS) of the commercial product Otezla. This development effort was motivated by the desire to create an alternative manufacturing...

Innovation and Continuous Improvement in Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

28 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Ajaz Hussain (Chairperson) Raafat Fahmy (CVM), William Bargo (CVM), Robert Coleman, Robert (ORA), Elise Murphy (ORA), Frank Holcombe Jr (CDER), Chris Watts (CDER), See Lam (CDER), Jon Clark (CDER), Christopher Joneckis (CBER), John Dietrick (CDER), Diana Kolaitis (ORA), Vilayat Sayeed (CDER), Mai Huynh (CVM), Norman Schmuff (CDER), Andrew Chang (CBER)

The PAT Team and Manufacturing Science Working Group Report: A Summary of Learning, Contributions and Proposed Next Steps for Moving towards the "Desired State" of Pharmaceutical Manufacturing in the 21st Century

A Perspective on Quality by Design: A Preclinical Opportunity

28 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Ajaz S. Hussain

A Shared Vision for Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing in the 21st Century: Contributions of the PAT Initiative

28 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Ajaz S. Hussain

The Subcommittee on Process Analytical Technologies (PAT): Closing Remarks

28 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Ajaz S. Hussain

The Process Analytical Technology Initiative: PAT and the Pharmacopeias

28 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Ajaz S. Hussain

The PAT Initiative A part of the Pharmaceutical Quality for the 21st Century Initiative  PAT and the USP Opportunities for the USP to support the PAT Framework

Utilizing PAT to Monitor and Control Bulk Biotech Processes

27 Mar 2024 | Document | Contributor(s): Rick E. Cooley

1.What is and isn’t PAT? 2.Implementing PAT in Manufacturing: What does it take? 3.Characteristics of bulk, biotech API processes 4.Why PAT? 5.Review of PAT technologies utilized 6.PAT application examples

Continuous Manufacturing for Pharmaceutical Solid Dosage Forms (On-Demand)

31 Jan 2024 | Seminars | Contributor(s): Atul Dubey, Fernando Muzzio, Gerardo Callegari, Lucy L. Botros, Ravendra Singh, James Scicolone, Andres Roman, Sonia Modarres Razavi

Course Description: This self-paced curriculum contains fourteen self-paced modules and three recordings of live virtual education on Pharmaceutical Continuous Manufacturing (PCM). Learners will have access to the following: A recording of the introductory session covering topics such as...

Using Residence Time Distributions (RTDs) to Address the Traceability of Raw Materials in Continuous Pharmaceutical Manufacturing

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Engisch, William, Muzzio, Fernando

Continuous processing in pharmaceutical manufacturing is a relatively new approach that has generated significant attention. While it has been used for decades in other industries, showing significant advantages, the pharmaceutical industry has been slow in its adoption of continuous processing,...

The synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) using continuous flow chemistry

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Baumann, M, Baxendale, IR

The implementation of continuous flow processing as a key enabling technology has transformed the way we conduct chemistry and has expanded our synthetic capabilities. As a result many new preparative routes have been designed towards commercially relevant drug compounds achieving more efficient...

The Use of PAT and Off-line Methods for Monitoring of Roller Compacted Ribbon and Granule Properties with a View to Continuous Processing

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): McAuliffe M.A.P., Omahony G.E., Blackshields C.A., Collins J.A., Egan D.P., Kiernan L., Oneill E., Lenihan S., Walker G.M., Crean A.M.

Real-time process monitoring using process analytical technology (PAT) tools can augment process understanding, enable improved process control, and hence facilitate the production of high-quality pharmaceutical products. While beneficial for batch processes, the availability of PAT tools to...

The Use of Near-Infrared and Microwave Resonance Sensing to Monitor a Continuous Roller Compaction Process

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Austin, John, Gupta, Anshu, Mcdonnell, Ryan, Reklaitis, Gintaras V., Harris, Michael T

Roller compaction is commonly used in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries to increase and narrow the size distribution of a particulate material, making it easier to process. Both the moisture content of the material and the density of the roller compacted ribbon affect the uniformity...

The optimization of process analytical technology for the inline quantification of multiple drugs in fixed dose combinations during continuous processing

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Dadou, SM, Tian, YWLi, S, Jones, DS, Andrews, GP

Complications associated with uncontrolled hypertension are considered the major cause of premature death worldwide. Fixed-dose combinations (FDCs) offer an alternative approach to polypharmacy with the aim to improve patient compliance. Process Analytical Technology (PAT) is gaining momentum as...

The Use of PAT and Off-line Methods for Monitoring of Roller Compacted Ribbon and Granule Properties with a View to Continuous Processing

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): McAuliffe M.A.P., Omahony G.E., Blackshields C.A., Collins J.A., Egan D.P., Kiernan L., Oneill E., Lenihan S., Walker G.M., Crean A.M.

Real-time process monitoring using process analytical technology (PAT) tools can augment process understanding, enable improved process control, and hence facilitate the production of high-quality pharmaceutical products. While beneficial for batch processes, the availability of PAT tools to...

The Evolving State of Continuous Processing in Pharmaceutical API Manufacturing: A Survey of Pharmaceutical Companies and Contract Manufacturing Organizations

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): McWilliams, JC, Allian, ADOpalka, SM, May, SA, Journet, M, Braden, TM

This manuscript provides the results of an in-depth survey assessment of the capabilities, experience, and perspectives on continuous processing in the pharmaceutical sector, with respondents from both pharmaceutical companies and Contract Manufacturing Organizations (CMOs). The survey includes...

The development of an inline Raman spectroscopic analysis method as a quality control tool for hot melt extruded ramipril fixed-dose combination products

09 Jun 2023 | Peer-reviewed journal | Contributor(s): Andres, G.P., Jones D.S., Senta-Loys Z., Almajaan A., Li S., Chevallier O., Elliot C., Healy A.M., Kelleher J.F., Madi A.M., Gilvary G.C., Tian Y.a

Currently in the pharmaceutical industry, continuous manufacturing is an area of significant interest. In particular, hot-melt extrusion (HME) offers many advantages and has been shown to significantly reduce the number of processing steps relative to a conventional product manufacturing line. To...